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B.T. THAI1 and T.G. NGO2
1School of Ecology and Environment
Deakin University
P. O. Box 423, Warrnambool
VIC 3280, Australia
2Research Institute for Aquaculture No 1
Dinh Bang, Tu Son
Bac Ninh
Vietnam


Abstract
Four treatments including three different concentrations of pineapple solution (1%, 3%, 5%) and the traditional method (salt/urea/tannin solutions) were used to eliminate egg stickiness of common carp. With the traditional method, fertilization and hatching rates were 74.5% ± 1.2 and 70.2% ± 1.1, respectively. The highest fertilization rate (89.3% ± 0.7) and hatching rate (86.6% ± 1.4) were found with treatment of 1% pineapple juice solution and was significantly different from those obtained with other treatments (P<0.05). Using pineapple juice for desticking common carp eggs also reduced the time of egg handling om almost one hour required with the traditional method, to about three minutes, as well as increasing fertilization and hatching rate under hatchery conditions.

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B. T. Thai*,†, C. P. Burridge*, T. A. Pham† and C. M. Austin*
*School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia. †Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1 (RIA 1), Dinh Bang, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Vietnam


Direct sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop (745 bp) and MTATPase6/ MTATPase8 (857 bp) regions was used to investigate genetic variation within common carp and develop a global genealogy of common carp strains. The D-loop region was more variable than the MTATPase6/MTATPase8 region, but given the wide distribution of carp
the overall levels of sequence divergence were low. Levels of aplotype diversity varied widely among countries with Chinese, Indonesian and Vietnamese carp showing the greatest diversity whereas Japanese Koi and European carp had undetectable nucleotide variation. A enealogical analysis supports a close relationship between Vietnamese, Koi and Chinese Color carp strains and to a lesser extent, European carp. inese and Indonesian
carp strains were the most divergent, and their relationships do not support the
evolution of independent Asian and European lineages and current taxonomic treatments.